Feb 24, 2015 in slack knitted fabric structures, the loop can easily find area to rotate so spirality is increasing. Many of the layering tees or tanks you find in stores are made from this type of fabric. It is very essential to control the spirality by controlling d. It also occurs when courses are displaced from their horizontal position when it is called course skew. The following figure shows the fabric with normal loop position and. In slack knitted fabric structures, the loop can easily find area to rotate so spirality is increasing. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop an algorithm to determine the angle of spirality using image analyses. This article focused on the effect of spirality, shrinkage and the gsm.
The spirality angle of the fabrics knitted with ring yarns are very high comparing with the fabrics knitted with openend yarns. Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment. Pdf spirality is particularly serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation. Pdf a study on spirality of single jersey knitted fabric a study on.
Knitted fabrics are divided into two main groups, weft and warp knitted fabrics 3. In a warp knitted structure, each loop in the horizontal direction is made from different thread and the number of thread used to produce such a fabric is at least equal to the numbers of loops in horizontal row. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by. Flexibility exists at the various stages of wet processing in terms of process. Percentage of wale spirality change in knitted garments bs iso 675.
The yarns used were a 30% outlastviscose 70% cotton, 14. Details of the software products used to create this pdf file can be found in the general info relative to the file. Percentage of wale spirality change in knitted garments. These fabrics are very smooth and flattering for womens wear. This in house test method describes the method of test in order to determine the spirality test method which occurs in a material resulting from laundering procedures. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Knitted garments conform to the shape of the body and are comfortable to wear. All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats. Flat and circular weft knitting machines as well as warp knitting machines are used to manufacture knitted yard goods. Knits provide plenty of stretch, comfortability, and easy care. The results obtained from different procedures may not be comparable.
The remaining spirality after processing is less than 4%. Knitting is the construction of the elastic, porous fabric, created by interlocking yarns by means of needles. Introduction to knit fabrics university of fashion. Lesson 8 knitting and basic k information and library.
Navis tubetex launches new technology for spirality. As per encyclopedia, spirality came from the spirals which are spiral. It causes yarn snarling, which is an undesirable property and can lead the problems for further processes such as weaving and knitting. Yarn residual torque or twist liveliness occurs when the twist is imparted to spin the fibers during yarn formation. Article information, pdf download for spirality of knitted fabrics, open epub for. Fabric shrinkage and spirality is the ultimate problem if the. Part idescriptive approach to the effect a primentasa school of textile industries, the university of leeds, leeds ls2 9jt, uk received 5 october 2001. Yarn twist multiplier is the principle cause of spirality and it is directly proportional. Causes and remedies of spirality for knitted fabrics. Knitted fabrics are more absorbent and warmer than woven fabrics of comparable weight. Knitted fabri c, spirality, steam setting 1 introduction several techniques dealing with yarn and fabric processing have been adopted to overcome spirality.
Human feels uncomfortable due to wear of shrined cloth. Weft knitted fabrics can be produced in circular or flat knitting machine. Fuzzy logic analysis of knitted fabrics spirality ieee conference. Effect of fabric structures and yarn fineness on the properties of knitted fabric. Preparation, marking and measuring of fabric specimens and garments in tests for.
Specification methods of knitted fabrics, usually, include loop density, width of the fabric, weight per square meter and the loop length 3. Zuleyha degirmenci, effects of weight, dyeing and the twist. Percentage of wale spirality change in knitted garments part 2. Apart from this, spirality is another serious problem for single jersey knitted fabrics due to their asymmetrical loop formation 2. The fabrics had taken up their fully relaxed dimensions after five wash and dry.
Determination of dimensional change on commercial laundering near the boiling point bs en iso 3759. It affects the spirality of knitted fabrics and skewness of woven fabrics. Transformation fft on woven fabric toriumi 8 measured. Ris procite, reference manager, endnote, bibtex, medlars, refworks. How to control skew on single jersey circular weft knitted fabrics ideally courses and wales should be at right angle to each other. Fabric spirality tester is a equipment for dimensional distortion in circular plain knitted fabrics. Even though aspects of spirality have been studied in the.
There are different types of causes for occurring fabric spirlity. Spirality in knitted fabric jamshaid h department of knitting, national textile university, pakistan. Study on the important factors influencing spirality of weft knitted fabric. Study on the important factors influencing spirality of weft. Spirality correction system scs of knitted fabrics. Single jersey weft knitted fabrics experience dimensional changes causes by different fiber, yarn, knitting, and finishing parameters. Navis tubetex, a leading supplier of high technology finishing machinery to the global textile industry has announced the launch of an all new technology for controlling spirality in knit fabrics. Textiles determination of spirality after laundering part 2. Knit tubular fabrics have a degree of spirality during normal manufacturing and processing, including knitting, batching, dyeing, padding, drying and finishing. This standard is also available to be included in standards subscriptions. The influence of knitted fabrics structure on the thermal. You will learn the meaning of terms like knit and purl, wale and course and how a weft knit differs from a warp knit. Determination of maximum force to seam rupture using the grab method. Study on the important factors influencing spirality of.
Spirality in knitted fabric hilaris publishing srl. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses. Presentation of shrinkage of knits free download as powerpoint presentation. The most suitable method for producing spirality free single jersey fabrics is by knitting twofolded yarnsl. Effect of fabric structures and yarn fineness on the. Specification methods 2 of knitted fabrics, usually, include loop density, width of the fabric, weight per square meter and the loop length 3. Effect of filament fineness on composite yarn residual. In reality knitted loops in the fabric is curvilinear in shape but this work has done necessary analysis to consider it like a circle, following thata circle geometry and corresponding formulae has been used in formulating some parameters of circular knitted single jersey fabric. Pdf spirality is a problem in knitted fabrics, especially in the apparel industry. Ramakrishnan1corresponding author kcttifaccore in textile technology machinery, department of textile technology, kumaraguru college of technology, coimbatore 641006, india.
Effect of knitted structures and yarn count on the. The basic element of a knit fabric structure is the loop intermeshed with the loops adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it. Comparison of properties of single jersey knit fabrics knitted with single. Jul 11, 2014 all of these fabrics use different types of natural fibers in place of cotton or polyester, and they are generally more expensive. Result and discussion from our project work we can conclude that, in case of higher count, combed yarn, lower gsm, 100% cotton yarn used, single jersey structure cause the higher spirality in the weft knitted fabrics. Spirality, fuzzy expert system, modeling, cotton, knit fabric. For this aim, ten knitted fabrics with different weights were knitted with 100% cotton and tt 19. This geometrical defect has been termed spirality of knitting in circular fabrics. We have studied the effect of yarn spinning technology of the spirality of jersey fabrics in the dry and fully relaxed states for 100% cotton and 5050. Note that some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Also referred to as torque, spirality is one of the most difficult challenges in finishing knit fabrics. The plating yarn was a 44 dtex bare elastane from creora, plated at every feeder. We will teach you about how knits are made and about the different types of yarns, so that when. Determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses.
From this study, it is clear that spirality depends on feed density, machine. Skew occurs when wales are displaced from their vertical position when it is called wale skew. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. The following are some predominant causes of spirality in knitted fabrics. Circular knitting, machine gauge, gsm, shrinkage, spirality. Woven and knitted fabrics 1 scope this part of iso 16322 specifies three procedures diagonal marking, invertedt marking and mockgarment marking to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted fabrics after laundering. Navis tubetex launches new technology for spirality control. Spirality in cotton knit fabrics before and after compacting using selected yarn count and stitch length materials and methods the single jersey knit fabrics were produced from selected three different yarn count 24s1 26s1, 28s1, and 30s1 by jiunn long taiwan knitting machine with.
A horizontal row of loops can be made using one thread runs in horizontal direction. We start by demonstrating the difference between woven and knit fabrics and then how knits are structured. We have investigated spirality in both dry and fully relaxed jersey fabrics. Textiles determination of spirality after laundering. This shows the effect of the spiraled on twist liveliness. Introduction the dimensional stability of knitted fabrics is an important factor of the knitting industry. The following figure shows the fabric with normal loop position and with spirality having wale skewness. Course spirality is a very common inherent problem in plain knitted fabrics. Knitted yard goods fabrics are produced in both narrow and wide widths. Presentation of shrinkage of knits textiles knitting.
Modeling the spirality of cotton knit fabric using fuzzy. Knitted yard goods are used extensively for the manufacture of apparel such as activewear, tshirts, underwear, lingerie, and sleepwear. Effects of different count and stitch length on spirality. This lesson is the first in our 7part series on working with knit fabrics.
The work demonstrated that changes occurring after laundering were largely due to alterations in the loop shape, rather than yarn or loop length shrinkage. This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with naoh and h 2 o 2 35% strength, dyed with. Due to their cost i havent sewn much with these, although i did get a good deal on a bamboo knit which i know lots of sewists love from girl charlee. Knitted fabrics can be made much more quickly and easily than woven fabrics at comparatively less cost. From french terry to designer scuba, they come in many different weights and textures perfect for creating apparel staples like tshirts and casual wear, and even formal pieces like structured jackets and flowy dresses. Spirality is the angle of the knitted wales and courses from 90 degree as measured by the tumble dry testing method. How to control skew on single jersey circular weft knitted. Spirality has definite influence on both the functional and aesthetic performance of knitted fabrics and their garments. Spirality correction system patent pending is a machine made for controlling the remaining twist of the tubular knitted fabric.
Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including bow, skewness and spirality in knitted fabrics. Pdf determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image. Determination of spirality in knitted fabrics by image analyses article pdf available in fibres and textiles in eastern europe 3 july 2005 with 661 reads how we measure reads. Dimensional stability in terms of spirality is one of the major problems of knitted fabrics. Knitting technology definition and types of knitted.
Spirality in knitted fabric omics publishing group. Project report spirality is a common problem in weft knitted fabric. Fabrics made on 1632 knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment. This paper investigates the effect of fabric weight on the spirality of single jersey fabrics. Impact of various yarn of different fiber composition on the dimensional properties of different structure of weft knitted f abric 35 1. Effect of knitted structures and yarn count on the properties.
In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Comparison of properties of single jersey knit fabrics knitted with single and double ply yarn of same resultant count. It is fully automatic and makes the correction easy, regardless of all parameters that influence the spirality of tubular knitted fabric. The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation. The results obtained from different procedures may not be. The proposed algorithm has yielded fast and accurate results. Single jersey cotton weft knitted fabrics tend to undergo a certain dimensional changes due to different yarn parameters and knitting parameters. The small percentage of spandex or lycra gives these fabrics excellent stretch and great recovery with means it. Spirality in cotton knit fabrics before and after compacting using selected yarn count and stitch length materials and methods the single jersey knit fabrics were produced from selected three different yarn count 24s1 26s1, 28s1, and 30s1 by jiunn long taiwan knitting machine with three different stitch length.
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